搜题
2023-03-18 16:36:30 | 来源：网络及考生回忆
23、Which of the following summarizes the best idea of Paragraph 5?
A.The notion of perfect lessons is not well grounded at all.
B.Good classroom management is essential to flawless lessons.
C.Kids are unaware of the mistakes their teachers make in class.
D.Both teachers and students tend to make mistakes in classroom.
24、What does the author want to share with pre-service teachers at the end of the passage?
A.Teachers are free to decide whether to quit or continue their jobs.
B.Don' t easily give up your teaching career considering its significance.
C.Don' t enter the workforce if you are not prepared with a bigger purpose.
D.Teachers are able to find jobs that are less demanding yet more rewarding.
25、缺
【材料】
阅读理解，回答26-30题
Passage 2
As a species, humans are incredibly smart. We tell stories, create magnificent art and astounding technology, build cities, and explore space. We haven' t been around nearly as long as many other species, but in many respects we've accomplished more than any species.We eat them and they don' t eat us. We even run scientific studies on them and are thinking about re-creating some of those that have gone extinct. But our intelligence comes with a curious caveat: our babies are among the dumbest——or, rather, the most helpless——that exist. A baby giraffe can stand within an hour of birth, and can even potentially flee predators on its first day of life. A baby monkey can grasp its mother and hang on for protection and nourishment. A human infant can’t even hold up its own head.
The evolution of human intelligence isn't something that Celeste Kidd had ever pondered.A developmental cognitive scientist who currently works at the University of Rochester, her work had focused mostly on learning and decision-making in children. Over years of observing young children,she became impressed with the average child's level of sophistication. But when she looked at the infants she encountered,she saw a baffling degree of helplessness: How could they be so incompetent one second and so bright so soon thereafter? One day, she posed the question to her colleague Steven Piantadosi."Both of us wondered what could possibly justify the degree of helplessness human infants exhibit", she told me recently."Even other primate babies, like baby chimps, which are close in evolutionary terms, can cling onto their moms." She began to see a contradiction:humans are born quite helpless, far more so than any other primate, but, fairly early on, we start becoming quite smart, again far more so than any other primate. What if this weren't a contradiction so much as a causal pathway?
That's the argument that Kidd and Piantadosi make in their new paper, published in a June issue of PNAS.Humans become so intelligent because human infants are so incredibly helpless, they argue; the one necessitates the other.The theory is startling, but it isn't entirely new.Researchers have been pondering the peculiarities of our birth and its evolutionary significance for quite some time.Humans belong to the subset of mammals,called viviparous mammals, that give live birth to their young. This means that infants must grow to a mature enough state inside the body to be born, but they can' t be so big that they are unable to come out. This leads to a trade-off: the more intelligent an animal is, the larger its head generally is, but the birth canal imposes an upper limit on just how large that head can be before it gets stuck. The brain, therefore, must keep maturing, and the head must continue growing, long after birth.The more intelligent an animal will eventually be, the more relatively immature its brain is at birth.
Researchers have long known about this trade-off,and about the connection between brain size and neural density and intelligence.For instance, Robin Dunbar found that the ratio of neocortical volume to brain size can predict the social-group size in a number of species,including bats, cetaceans, and primates.while Simon Reader has demonstrated links in tool use and innovation to brain size in primates. Kidd and Piantadosi’s new idea is that increased helplessness in newborns mandates increased intelligence in parents and that a runaway selection dynamic can account for both.Natural selection favors humans with large brains, because those humans tend to be smarter. This may create evolutionary incentives for babies that are born at an even earlier developmental stage, which require more intelligence to raise. This creates the dynamic: over time, helpless babies make parents more intelligent, which makes babies more helpless, which makes their parents more intelligent, and so on.
26、According to paragraph 1,which of the following is true?
A.Some species are smarter than human beings.
B.Extinct species have been re-created by scientists.
C.Babies of other species are smarter than human infants.
D.Fewer species are earlier inhabitants than human beings.
27、What surprised Celeste Kidd regarding children' s brain maturation?
A.Infants' helplessness when they are born.
B.Children's high intelligence when they grow up.
C.Children's leap from helplessness to sophistication.
D.Children's incompetence in learning and decision-making.
28、What can we infer form Paragraph 3 about brain development?
A.Babies' helplessness at birth is an indication of human intelligence
B.Other mammal brains are more mature than human brain at birth.
C.Only intelligent mammals give live birth to their babies.
D.All animal brains are equally immature at their birth.
29、What is the main idea author intends to convey?
A.Newborns helplessness facilitates the development of parent' s intelligence.
B.The larger the brain of a species, the larger its social-group size.
C.Large brain size contributes to better tool use and innovation.
D.Human beings with large brains are not necessarily smarter.
30、Which of the following title best describes the passage?
A.Why are babies so dumb if humans are so smart?
B.Why do babies learn faster than other mammal babies?
C.Why is human's intelligence higher than that of other animals?
D.Why is the development of human brains slower than that of other animals?
二、简答题
31、简述朗读(Reading aloud)在英语教学中的两个作用，写出教师需从哪两个方面指导学生朗读以及在指导过程中两个应该注意的事项。
三、教学情景分析题
【材料】
根据题目要求完成下列任务，用国家通用语言文字作答。
下面教学片段来自某初中英语教师的口语教学。
T:OK. Let's practice this dialogue.
Ss: ... (Ss don't know what to do.)
T: Well, you ask your partner "Do you like bananas?", your partner answers "Yes, I do." If he or she doesn't like, then say “No, I don't like it". Understand now?
Ss: OK.
(Ss read out the dialogue in the textbook in pair)
T: Now. (to one student) Does your partner like bananas?
S1: Yes, he does.
T: (to another student) Does your partner like bananas?
S2: No, he don't.
T: No, no, no, no. He doesn't!
S2: Oh. Oh. Yes .He doesn't.
T: You must pay attention to that. OK? Now please read after me. Do you like bananas?
Ss: (in chorus) Do you like bananas?
T: Yes, I do.
Ss (in chorus) Yes, I do.
32、根据所给信息回答下面问题：
（1）该教学片段属于哪个教学环节？其教学目的是什么？
（2）指出该教学片段存在的三个问题。
（3）如何针对上述问题进行相应的改进？
四、教学设计题
33、设计任务：请阅读下面的学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的听说教学方案。
教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
Teaching objectives
Teaching content
Key and difficult points
Major steps and time allocation
Activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学八年级第二学期学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到义务教育英语课程标准的相应水平三。学生课堂参与积极性较高。
语言素材：
Helpline: Hello.Friendship Helpline. Who's calling, please?
Lingling: Hello. This is Lingling speaking.
Helpline: Hi, Lingling! How can I help you?
Lingling: I have a problem with my best friend. She is called...
Helpline: No, don't tell me who she is. Tell me when the problem started.
Lingling: Yes. Well, we've been friends for five years. We got separated when we went to different schools last term, but we stayed in touch.
Helpline: So could you explain what happened then?
Lingling: This term, she came to study at my school. I was so happy at first. But she's so different.
Helpline: Can you tell me how she's different?
Lingling: She doesn't like me to see my other friends.
Helpline: Could I ask if you've mentioned this to her?
Lingling: Yes, but she refused to listen.
Helpline: OK, do you know why she treats you like that?
Lingling: No. I don't know.
Helpline: Maybe she doesn't feel very sure of herself in her new school.
Lingling: Maybe.
Helpline: She probably feels lonely without you. I'm sure she regrets hurting you. So be patient with her and explain to her that she can make friends with your other friends too. Try to introduce her to them.
Lingling: I see. I'll encourage her to join in more.Thanks.
Helpline: No problem, Lingling.You're welcome.
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