2019年国家开发银行招聘考试题

Thesesocalledvulturefundsmayfindlifeharderunderthenewgovernment.Giventheimportanceofbeingabletorepossessthecollateralforsecuredloans,NPLinvestorshavebeentakenabackbyaproposaltopreventanyactionagainstadebtorwithouttheinvolvementofacourt.Thiswouldruncountertoeffortstoincreasetheuseofout-of-courtsettlementforcollateralacrosstheEU.(3)

ThefutureofGACS,aschemeforprovidinganItaliangovernmentguaranteetotheseniortranchesofNPLsecuritisations(withtheEU'sblessing),isalsoinquestion.Despiteaslowstartin2016,ithascometoplayalargerole.AnNPLsalelastyearbyUniCredit,alargebank,worth€l7.7bn,wassubjecttothescheme.Another€38bnworhofItalianNPLdealsinprogresswillbetoo,accordingtoDebtwire,anewsservice.ButinvestorsnowworrythatGACSwillnotberenewedonceitexpires失效inSeptember,contrarytopreviousplans.(4)

EuropeanregulatorshavemadeaconcertedefforttodealwithNPLs.InMarchtheEuropeanCommissionproposedlawstomakecross-borderoperationseasierfordebt(5)

Marketshavedeepenedintandem.Aswellasthespecialistfundsdoinglargedeals,moreoptionsfortradingNPLshaveemerged.OneexampleisDebitos,atradingplatformthatstartedinGermanyandthatallowsinvestorstotradeinNPLsfrom11Europeancountries,includingItalyandGreece.Mostofitssalesarebetween€50mand€200mandinterestoftencomesfromlocalinvestors,saysTimurPeters,itsfounder—forexample,fromindividualswhobuyproperty—backedNPLsasawaytoacquirethoseproperties.(6)

AliquidpanEuropeanmarketinNPLsoughttopreventbanks’badloansfromaccumulatingandthreateningtheirstability,asduringthemostrecentcrisis.ButItalywould,becauseofitssheersize,bethelargestsourceofsuchloansfortheforeseeablefuture.Andanymarketwithrealdoubtsaboutthelargestsupplierisalmostcertaintobeastuntedone.(7)

46、WhatcanwetellabouttherelationshipbetweenFiveStarMovementandNorthernLeagueinItaly?

A、Theycompetewitheachotherinasmoothway.

B、Theyformpartnershipwitheachother.

C、Theyhaveasuperior-subordinaterelationship.

D、Theyareopponentsandfightagainsteachother.

47、Whichisincorrectaboutthechart?

A、ThetotalloansofItalywereabout€1667bnintheyearof2017

B、TheproportionoftheNPLsintotalloansofGreeceisthehighestamongall.

C、GreecehadmuchmoretotalloansthanthatofSpaininspiteoflowerNPLs.

D、Francehadmosttotalloansinthelistofabout€4350bnin2017、

48、Whenhearingtheleakedplans,NPLinvestorsfelt.

A、uneasy

B、awkward

C、furious

D、indifferent

49、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthisarticle?

A、BadloansremainaconcerninItalyandacrosssouthernEurope

B、ItalywillbethelargestsourceofNPLsfortheforeseeablefuture

C、ItalyaskstheEuropeanCentralBanktoforgiveitsdebt

D、InvestorscantradeinNPLsacross11Europeancountries

50、WhichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheinterestofinvestorsofNPLs?

A、Theincreasinguseofout-of-courtsettlementforcollateralacrosstheEU.

B、TheGACSwhichmaynotberenewedafterSeptember.

C、ThenewtradingplatformfortradingNPLs.

D、Thelawsthatguaranteecross-borderoperations.

材料

ItisSeptemberof1998,I’msittinginawindowlessofficeroominsidetheOfficeoftheIndependentCounselunderneathhummingfluorescentlights.I'mlisteningtothesoundofmyvoiceonsurreptitiouslytapedphonecallsthatasupposedfriendhadmadetheyearbefore.Forthepasteightmonths,themysteriouscontentofthesetapeshashungliketheSwordofDamoclesovermyhead.Afewdayslater,theStarReportisreleasedtoCongress,andallofthosetapesandtranscripts,thosestolenwords,formapartofit.Thatpeoplecanreadthetranscriptsishorrificenough,butafewweekslater,theaudiotapesareairedonTV,andsignificantportionsmadeavailableonline.Thepubichumiliationwasexcruciating.(1)

Thiswasnotsomethingthathappenedwithregularitybackthenin1998,andbythis,Imeanthestealingofpeople'sprivatewords,actions,conversationsorphotos,andthenmakingthempublic—publicwithoutconsent,context,andcompassion.(2)

Fastforward12yearsto2010,andnowsocialmediahasbeenborn.Thelandscapehassadlybecomemuchmorepopulatedwithinstanceslikemine,whetherornotsomeoneactuallymakeamistake,andnowit'sforbothpublicandprivatepeople.Theconsequencesforsomehavebecomeverydire.(3)

AyoungcollegefreshmanfromRutgersUniversitynamedTylerClementi-sweet,sensitiveandcreative—wassecretlywebcammedbyhisroommatewhilebeingintimatewithanotherman.Whentheonlineworldlearnedofthisincident,theridiculeandcyberbullyingignited.Afewdayslater,TylerjumpedfromtheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetohisdeath.Hewas18.(4)

Today,toomanyparentshaven'thadthechancetostepinandrescuetheirlovedones.Tyler'stragic,senselessdeathwasaturningpointforme.Itservedtorecontextualizemyexperiences,andIthenbegantolookattheworldofhumiliationandbullyingaroundmeandseesomethingdifferent.In1998,wehadnowayofknowingwherethisbravenewtechnologycalledtheInternetwouldtakeus.Sincethen,ithasconnectedpeopleinunimaginableways,joininglostsiblings,savinglives,launchingrevolutions,butthedarknessandcyberbullyingthatIexperiencedhadmushroomed.Everydayonline,people,especiallyyoungpeoplewhoarenotdevelopmentallyequippedtohandlethis,aresoabusedandhumiliatedthattheycan'timaginelivingtothenextday,andsome,tragically,don't,andthere'snothingvirtualaboutthat.Ameta-analysisdoneoutoftheNetherlandsshowedthatforthefirsttime,cyberbullyingwasleadingtosuicidalideationsmoresignificantlythanofflinebullying.Andyouknowwhatshockedme,althoughitshouldn'thave,wasotherresearchlastyearthatdeterminedhumiliationwasamoreintenselyfeltemotionthaneitherhappinessorevenanger.(5)

Crueltytoothersisnothingnew,butonline,technologicallyenhancedshamingisamplified,uncontained,andpermanentlyaccessible.Theechoofembarrassmentusedtoextendonlyasfarasyourfamily,village,schoolorcommunity,butnowit'stheonlinecommunitytoo.Millionsofpeople,oftenanonymously,canstabyouwiththeirwords,andthat'salotofpain,andtherearenoperimetersaroundhowmanypeoplecanpubliclyobserveyouandputyouinapublicstockade.Thereisaverypersonalpricetopublichumiliation,andthegrowthoftheInternethasjackedupthatprice.(6)

Fornearlytwodecadesnow,wehaveslowlybeensowingtheseedsofshameandpublichumiliationinourculturalsoil,bothon-andoffline.Gossipwebsites,paparazzi,realityprogramming,politics,newsoutletsandsometimeshackersalltrafficinshame.It'sledtodesensitizationandapermissiveenvironmentonlinewhichlendsitselftotrolling,invasionofprivacy,andcyberbullying.ThisshifthascreatedwhatProfessorNicolausMillscallsacultureofhumiliation.Butinthiscultureofhumiliation,thereisanotherkindofpricetagattachedtopublicshaming.Thepricedoesnotmeasurethecosttothevictim,whichTylerandtoomanyothers,notablywomen,minorities,andmembersoftheLGBTQcommunityhavepaid,butthepricemeasurestheprofitofthosewhopreyonthem.(7)

51、Whatdoes“theSwordofDamocles”(Paragraph1)suggestinthecontext?

A、Theideaofcommittingsuicide.

B、Theurgentperiltotheauthor’slife.

C、Theharmcausedbycyberbullying.

D、Thehatredtothosewhocheatedtheauthor.

52、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“it’sforbothpublicandprivatepeople”(Paragraph3)?

A、Bothpublicandprivatepeoplemakemistakesnowadays.

B、Bothpublicandprivatepeoplebeartheresultsofbullying.

C、Bothpublicandprivatepeoplemakeuseofsocialmedia.

D、Bothpublicandprivatepeopleusesocialmediatobullyothers.