2020年中国农业银行秋季校园招聘考试试题

151、The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions（  ）.

A、often run against the current political system.

B、can change people's political attitudes.

C、may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.

D、are dominant in the government.

152、John Donahue's attitude towards the public-sector system is one of（  ）.

A、disapproval

B、appreciation

C、tolerance

D、indifference

材料

The first year after the Great Recession， 2010， marked the historical peak of college and university enrollment in the United States. In the decade since， a popular narrative has emerged that the value of a college degree is rapidly declining. As a new wave of well-capitalized educational technology companies arrived on the scene — including massive open online courses （MOOCs） — it became popular to prognosticate about the disruption of American higher education. Badges earned online would challenge and replace traditional diplomas. Renowned business theorist Clayton Christensen forecasted that half of all colleges may be in bankruptcy within 15 years. Others said the degree was “doomed”.

A revolution in credentialing appeared underway， with colleges' core product — the traditional degree — about to be swept aside by digital substitutes and disruptive start-up companies. Even more recently， this narrative has been amplified by reports that certain blue-chip companies such as IBM， Apple， and a number of others no longer “require” degrees for certain positions.

Yet by many measures， the value of a traditional degree today is as strong as ever in the job market. Innovation in degree delivery is occurring， but it is often being led by traditional， incumbent institutions， often in partnership with technology firms.

In a national survey of employers that we at Northeastern University recently conducted， a strong majority of HR leaders said that the value of educational credentials in hiring has either increased （48%） or held steady （29%） over the last five years. And， despite some high-profile employers relaxing their baseline educational requirements in a historically tight job market， more than half of all job openings nationwide over the last year preferred at least a bachelor's degree， according to the tens of millions of job postings tracked by labor market data firm Burning Glass Technologies. This share has been consistent over the last five years. Additionally， the substantial wage premium that employers pay college degree holders remains at historically all-time high levels， according to recent Federal Reserve Bank of New York research.

In a market that continues to prioritize formal educational credentials， the once free-of-charge MOOC upstarts have found a business model. Today， according to our national surveys， a majority （61%） of hiring leaders view credentials earned online as equal to or better than those completed in person. This acceptance of online delivery has been steadily driven by employers' years of growing direct experience hiring from， participating in， and sending employees into online university programs.

Rather than sweeping away degrees， new types of online credentials — various certificates， MicroMasters， badges， and the like — are instead playing a complementary role， creating the building blocks for newer， more affordable degree programs. This represents true innovation in terms of the fundamental cost inputs （including faculty labor）， pricing， and service expectations associated with the delivery of degrees. By leveraging algorithms and operating at truly disruptive price points， these programs are less expensive for colleges to operate and market， and less expensive for the student.

153、Through evaluation and experience greater clanty and standards，ultimately，employers will be among the key arbiters ，the market will over time coalesce around.What is Clayton Christensen's opinion about college education in the future？（  ）

A、He thinks online education programs will replace college education soon.

B、He thinks that colleges will no longer east in the world.

C、He thinks colleges will be less needed as online education will be well received.

D、He thinks that more people can get into a college

154、What does “a revolution in credentialing”（in the 2 paragraph ） refer to？（  ）

A、Colleges will provide a new kind of credentialing instead of a degree.

B、Traditional college degrees will not be admitted by big companies.

C、Credentials received online are now more valuable than the traditional degree.

D、Online credentialing are affecting the value of traditional degree.

155、Which of the following could be the topic sentence that is the best in the blank in the 4 paragraph？ （  ）

A、Businesses are continuing to value degrees and reward more educated workers.

B、Employees with lighter degree is not as vanished as before the job market.

C、Studies have found different employers may value different things when hiring.

D、Companies prefer to reward employees with credentialing received online.

156、According to the passage， why is the online programs and credentials regarded as innovations？ （  ）

A、Because people can receive education whenever and wherever they are.

B、Because they provide equally good or even better education.

C、Because they require less investments and are much cheaper for the students

D、Because the courses are delivered through new technology

157、According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT（  ）.

A、Online credentials will supplement the roleplayed by the tradition degree

B、Colleges are taking part in the design and delivery of the online programs

C、Employer are accepting online credentials because they are innovative

D、Standard are needed to bridge the quality gap between online program

材料

At the age of 16， Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school， and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner， it's time to hit the books again — at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning， sleeps less than five hours， then repeats the routine — five days a week. It's a grueling schedule， but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.

South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700，000 high-school sophomores in the country， high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system， which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard， which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests， which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.

The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country： wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs， keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools， partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before， students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages； the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period， and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.

Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. “One can succeed only when others fail，” as one parent said.

Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering， while private education is thriving. According to critics， the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre — the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government， even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighborhoods， where the curriculum is centered on average students. To make up for the mediocrity， zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.