搜题
2020-05-10 18:00:35 | 来源：网络及考生回忆
Surveys show that unlike millennial, many members of Generation Z are cautious about excessive consumption. After seeing their parents walloped by the 2008 financial crisis, they're attracted to thrift stores, sustainable brands, and saving for a rainy day-even when they have steady jobs and rising wages. That's particularly true in Europe and Japan, where growth has failed to bounce back as it has in the U. S and China. Those Gen Zers, born in the mid-1990s or later are part of a generation that's entering the workforce with a far more cautious approach to spending than their predecessors.
Nowhere is that more apparent than in Japan. The island nation has had five technical recessions in the past 20 years, transforming its young people from consumption-driving spenders to one of the most tightfisted of all local age groups. In 1984 consumers younger than 25 would spend 887of every extra dollar they made, more than the national average of 86.2. By 2014 the figure for Gen Z consumers had shrunk to 768, less than the national average of 78.4, according to a whitepaper issued by the Japanese cabinet office in 2017.This mindset endures in the face of relatively rosy economic conditions and wage growth, Japanese Gen Zers are highly sought after by employers in the tightest labor market in decades, and big companies such as Uniqlo owner Fast Retailing Co are raising entry-level pay next year by more than 20 percent to attract top talent.“ Truthfully, I feel I don't know how to spend money,” says Kaoruko Shimizu, 23, who's been working for a year at a big pharmaceutical company .“If I go shopping ,it’s just to buy necessities.
In Western Europe, the average annual income of about 30.000 for people age 20 to 24 is almost three times as high as that in China, but European youth are less willing to take loans to cover expenses than their Chinese peers are, according to Lan Ha, population senior consultant at researcher Euro monitor International. One reason: The jobs outlook for European Gen Zers remains far more dire. Last year youth unemployment in Western Europe was 16.4 percent, compared with 10.1 percent in China and 4 percent in Japan.
There is a big challenge for consumer businesses hoping to profit from the rise of Gen Z From beer to cosmetics, brands are realizing that the days when rising incomes alone could be counted on to produce bigger revenue are over. This new generation will have to be coaxed to spend. Companies increasingly say "value" is key to Gen Zers. That means providing not only lower price points but also more customized and sustainable experiences for their buck. They’ re also turning their backs on some of their parents' habits that brands used to be able to rely on.
It's not just what's on sale that matters. "Gen Z is a little different from former generations, as they re looking at the companies, not just the products, to start with, "says Masahiko Uotani, chief executive officer of Shiseido Co, “They’re asking,” Are they really delivering value to the society, are they transparent, are they promoting diversity and inclusion?
150、According to the passage, Gen Zers（ ）.
A、prefer to buy luxuries
B、spend money in a cautious way
C、are born after the year of 2000
D、are more energetic than millennial
151、Excessive consumption is not a feature of Gen Zers because（ ）.
A、they don't know what to buy
B、they have seen how their parents suffered from the financial crisis
C、their wages are low
D、they have learned frugality from school
152、The third paragraph tells us that（ ）.
A、Big companies in Japan tend not to hire Gen Zers
B、Rising wages will encourage the Gen Zers to spend more
C、Economy in Japan is still in a dire condition
D、Young people in Japan spend less than national average
153、Which of the following statements is true?（ ）
A、Some consumption habits of Gen Zers are different from their parents’.
B、European youth are optimistic about the economy.
C、The unemployment in US is higher than that of Westem Europe.
D、Consumer businesses will profit more from the rising income of Gen Zers.
154、What do Gen Zers not value as consumers?（ ）
A、The value of the company
B、Consumption experience
C、The history of the brand
D、Lower price
Passage3
A slowdown in Germany's economy that started a year ago was initially expected to be short-lived. But the gloom has deepened. Output shrank in the second quarter, and many economists, including those at the Bundes bank, think it is still contracting-satisfying the definition of a recession. As a consequence, the euro zone seems set barely to grow.
Global trade has moderated, and with it industrial activity across Europe. The continent has suffered collateral damage in the trade war between America and China. But there are other reasons for its woes. Take Germany's exports to both countries, for instance. Carsten Brzeski of ING, a Dutch bank points out that these have held up better than exports to other markets. Brexit-related uncertainty means that exports to Britain have taken a bigger hit. Even so, researchers at the European Central Bank (ECB) find that external causes explain only around a third of the decline in the euro zone's industrial production over the past year. The rest of the trouble originates within the currency union.
Much of it appears to stem from supply disruptions in Germany. Its manufacturing sector has taken a much more severe beating than those of France, Italy or Spain. Oliver Rakau of Oxford Economics, a consultancy, reckons that stalling car production alone explains nearly half of the fall in Germany s industrial output in the second quarter. Once the effects on the rest of the supply chain are added, it might explain as much as three quarters. Distracted by the fallout from the emissions cheating scandal, and by new emissions testing procedures, carmakers delayed production and postponed new models.
Surveys suggest that European demand for cars is holding up well. Mr Rakau thinks that Germany's carmakers should recover market share as they launch new models in the autumn and work off a large backlog of orders. But the risk is that the country's auto giants struggle to regain ground lost to foreign competitors, Meanwhile, trade headwinds could strengthen and fears of protectionism could deter companies from investing. Economists are downgrading expectations for economic growth in 2020 in both Germany and the Euro Zone.
The silver lining so far has been that the domestic economy was on an upswing. Unemployment rates have returned to pre- crisis lows, and pay is growing at its fastest pace in a decade. But on September 23rd Mario Draghi the head of the ECB, told members of the European parliament that the longer the manufacturing slowdown continued, the more likely that the rest of the economy would follow. Analysts at Capital Economics, a consultancy, recently said that services such as technical support and logistics that are exposed to manufacturing are already decelerating.
155、Which is not a cause of Europe’s economic gloom?（ ）
A、problems within the Euro Zone.
B、the trade war between America and China.
C、exit of Britain from Euro Zone.
D、the export decline from France to Germany.
156、According to the passage, which of the following is false about Germany?（ ）
A、Impact of the auto industry accounts for almost half of its industrial output fall.
B、Its car production is delayed because of new emissions testing procedures.
C、Its manufacturing sector suffers more than that of Italy.
D、Once its carmakers launch new models, they will regain the market share.
157、What does the underlined word "silver lining" mean in the last paragraph?（ ）
A、silver bullet.
B、a bright prospect.
C、rumor.
D、bad news.
158、What can we learn from the last paragraph?（ ）
A、the employment is historically low.
B、the wages are unsatisfactory.
C、service sector stays intact even if the manufacturing sector faces slowdown.
D、a slowdown of the manufacturing may lead to a slowdown of other sectors.
159、What is the main idea of this passage?（ ）
A、There is a severe impact of US and China trade war.
B、Europe's economy is in stagnation.
C、The slowdown of Europe's economy is intensifying.
D、The gloomy prospect of world economy.
注：试题来源于考生回忆及网络，仅供参考！
