2019年军队文职统一考试《专业科目》外国语言文学类—英语试题

三、阅读理解。根据题目要求，在选项中选出恰当的选项

（一）Text  A

Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself.

It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study cntre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against it--old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,”Few have too much and fewer have too little,” and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of recyclers ---- about of Danish garbage gets made into something new----and no nuclear poser plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.

Such a nation of overachievers----a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says,”Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution,crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.

Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line:town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a wainting-at-2.a.m-for-the-green-light people----that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as le broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia,  the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.

The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.

But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.

31、The Author thinks that Danes adopt a         attitude towards their country.

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

32、Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?（    ）

A.fondness of foreign culture

B.equality in society

C.linguistic tolerance

D.persistent planning

33、The author’s reaction to statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is         .

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

34、According to the passage,Dunish orderliness        .

A.sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes

B.spares Danes social troubles besetting other people

C.is considered economically essential to the country

D.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing trouble

35、At the end of the passage the author states all the following except that         .

A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits

B.orderliness has alleviated unemployment

C.Danes take for granted what is given to them

D.the open system helps to tide the country over

（二）TEXT B

He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-bom Ted Hughes, first published in a book called "The Hawk in the Rain" when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes’s ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices-symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink.

It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes’s book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poems called "Birthday Letters". In this new and exhilarating collection of real letter, Hughes return to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his "big and unmanageable event". He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten.

The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry. Some books of letters serve as a personalised historical chronicle. Poets' letters are seldom like that, and Hughes's are no exception. His are about a life of literary engagement: almost all of them include some musing on the state or the nature of writing, both Hughes’s own or other people’s. The trajectory of Hughes’s literary career had him moving from obscurity to fame, and then,in the eyes of many, to life-long notoriety. These letters are filled with his wrestling with the consequences of being the part-private, part-public creature that he became, desperate to devote himself to his writing, and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy.

Hughes is an absorbing and intricate commentator upon his own poetry, even when he is standing back from it and good-humouredly condemning himself for "its fantasticalia, its pretticisms and its infinite verballifications". He also believed, from first to last, that poetry had a special place in the education of children. "What kids need", he wrote in a 1988 letter to the secretary of state for education in the Conservative government, "is a headful [sic] of songs that are not songs but blocks of refined and achieved and wxemplary language." When that happens, children have "the guardian angel installed behind the tongue". Lucky readers, big or small.

36、The poetry of Hughes’s forerunners is characteristic of         .

A.Its natural, crude flavor

B.its fantastical enthusiam

C.its penetrating sight

D.its distorted of people's daily life

37、The word “vilified” most porbaby means         .

A.tortured

B.scolded

C.harassed

D.tormented

38、According to the third paragraph, Hughes’s collection of letters are         .

A.personal recollection of his life

B.personalized historical chronicle of his literary engagement

C.reflections of his struggle with his devotion and the reality

D.his meditation on the literary world

39、From the letters, we may find the cause of Hughes's internal struggle is         .

A.his devotion to the literacy world

B.that he is a part-private, part-public creature

C.that he is constrained by the fear of his privacy being invaded

D.his fame and notoriety

40、By “lucky readers” in the last sentence, the auther means         .

A.children who read poetry

B.children who have a headfull of songs

C.children who have the guardian angel installed behind the tongue

D.children who own blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language

（三）TEXT C

Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard’s contemporaries called him “Coeur de Lion”(The lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years’ regin; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to prsent throughout the centuries the pattern of fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame. He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.

Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was oen-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skillful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King’s artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which ended, left only an empty plain.

In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emporor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. Confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs; he divided to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martil romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.

The archer was flayed alive.

41、“little did the English people own him for his service”(Paragraph One) means that the English         .

A.received little protection from him

B.paid few taxes to him

C.gave him little respect

D.had no real cause to feel grateful to him

42、To say that his life was a “magnificent parade” (Paragraph Two) implies that to some extent it was         .

A.an empty show

B.lived too pompously

C.impressive and admirable

D.spent chiefly at war

43、Richard’s behavior as death approached showed         .

A.bravery and self control

B.wisdom and correctness

C.Devotion and romance

D.chivalry and charity

44、The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was         .

A.cheated by his own successors

B.determined to take revenge on his enemies

C.more generous to his enemies than his successors

D.unable to influence the behavior of his successors

45、Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?

A.an aggressive king, too fond of war

B.a brave king with minor faults

C.A Competent but cunning solider

D.a kind with political skills

（四）TEXT D

Examinations Exert a Pernicious Influence on Education

We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.

As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terrow, or after a slppeless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?

A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.

The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily crawled scripts in a limited aount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities. Is is cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.’

46、The main idea of this passage is         .

A.examinations exert a pernicious influence on education

B.examinations are ineffective

C.examinations are profitable for institutions

D.examinations are a burden on students

47、The author’s attitude toward examinations is         .

A.detest

B.approval

C.critical

D.indifferent

48、The fate of students is decided by         .

A.education

B.institutions

C.examinations

D.students themselves

49、According to the author, the most important of a good education is         .

A.to encourage students to read widely

B.to train students to think on their own

C.to teach students how to tackle exams

D.to master his fate

50、Why does the author mention court?（    ）

A.Give an example

B.For comparison

C.It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations

D.It shows the results of court is more effectise

四、英汉互译。英汉互译

51、请把下段文字翻译成英语：

我们要积极拓展两国互利合作，要秉持共赢理念，不断提高合作水平。当前，要着力加强宏观经济政策协调，同有关各方一道，推动20国领导人杭州峰会取得积极成果，向国际社会传递信心，为世界经济注入动力。要全力争取早日达成互利共赢的中美投资协定，要深化两国在气候变化、发展、网络、反恐、防扩散、两军和执法等领域交流合作，加强双方在重大国际和地区以及全球性问题上的沟通和协调。我们要妥善管控分歧和敏感问题，双方存在一些分歧是难以避免的，双方应该以务实和建设性的态度管控好。

52、请把下段文字翻译成汉语：

If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death", they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely-a long life is thought to be full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.

History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and Jame Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.