2019年中信银行招聘考试题

材料

It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.

Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.

Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.

While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.

Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.

Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.

81、It can be inferred in Para.1 that taking example of tracting electric hybrid is to illustrate that.

A、how technological development over a few centuries developed.

B、how the plans，prototypes and models of electric hybrid developed.

C、how to trace family tree is much the same way astracing electric hybrid.

D、why humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult.

82、How would people probably trace a family tree，based on Para.2？

A、methods of genealogy.

B、methods of archaeology linguistics.

C、methods of anthropology.

D、methods of primatology.

83、Which statement is true，based on Para.3?

A、Hominid and panin were humans ancestors 5.4 million years ago.

B、Chimpanzees existed at a branch of phylogenetic tree are called “hominid”.

C、Humans on phylogenetic tree analysis are supposed to be called “panin.”

D、Scientists think humans and Chimpanzees converged from a common ancestor，based on phylogenetic tree analysis.

84、What can be inferred from Para.5?

A、Morpholoical and genetic studies helped scientists to trace unknown common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.

B、Morphological and genetic studies determined exact species of common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.

C、Genetic studies found hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from unknown common ancestor to modern humans.

D、Morphological studies helped finding the famous East African fossils and set up an milestone in this field.

85、What does the underlined word “bipedalism”refer to in Para.5?

A、Hominid and panin.

B、Chimps and humans.

C、Walking on two legs.

D、Morphological and genetic studies.

材料

It's so common to hear people say， “I’m stressed out，” almost as a badge of honor， as if this is a symptom only of our fast-paced modern life. But in her book， “Exhaustion： A History，”Anna Katharina Schaffner writes that the syndrome of mental exhaustion has existed almost since the beginning of human history.

Commentators claim [ ours] is the most exhausting period in history， the demands on our energy reserves being unprecedented. By implication， they represent the past as a less energy-draining time in which people lived much less stressful lives in harmony with nature and the seasons，“says Schaffner， a. professor of comparative literature and medical humanities at the University of Kent in England， in an email interview. I asked myself whether that was really the case， and started researching other historical periods in search of earlier discourses on exhaustion. To my surprise， I found that ours is far from being the only age to have perceived itself as the most exhausted-this is in fact a perception shared by many historical periods， albeit in different ways and for different reasons.”

Schaffner found information about exhaustion going all the wày back to antiquity. This is not the same thing as physical exhaustion —certainly most， people in earlier times had life physically harder—but concurrently throughout history was this idea of being mentally exhausted， what we might call today being “stressed”or “burned out.”

In the past， she says， the condition went by many names： melancholia， depression， chronic fatigue syndrome or acedia， “a theological version of melancholia， also described as weariness of the heart.”and popular in Medieval times. Causes ranged from physical ailments and chemical imbalances in the brain to spiritual failings or even the alignments of the planets， Often there was a different explanation for each historical period.

“In the late 19th century， for example，. a faster pace of life as a result of trains， steam boats， electricity， and telegraphy was held responsible for the sudden explosion in the number of cases of what was diagnosed as neurasthenia-this diagnosis being structured around a deficiency in nerve force， and manifesting itself in weakness， lethargy. hopelessness， and various other symptoms.”she says.

Other mental ailments throughout time were attlbuted to “the availability of exotic food and spices in the 18th century the education of women in the 19th century，. or the new psycho-social pressures of neo-liberal capitalism in our own time”she adds

So if exhaustion has been with us forever， what does that mean for we moderns? “An historical perspective can help to counter the sense that our way of life is more detrimental to human wellbeing than those in the past， and to make us feel less alone，” says Schaffner. “Of course， this historical perspective also challenges the idea that current states of exhaustion are a unique badge of honor. Thus historicizing exhaustion can， on the one hand， reassure us and， on the other hand， challenge the narratives on which we rely to give our suffering aspecial value.”

86、When referring to “badge of honor”in Para.1， the author may label it in a mood of      

A、praise.

B、sarcasm.

C、arixiety.

D、anger.

87、Based on commentators views in Para.2， mental exhaustion may be caused by       

A、the fast-paced modern life.

B、the significant events in human history.

C、increasing consumption of the energy reserves.

D、less harmonious life with nature and the seasons.

88、What does the underlined word“antiquity”refer to in Para. 3?

A、The state of being very old or ancient

B、The state ofbeing mentally exhausted.

C、The state of complete physical exhaustion.

D、The state of difficult life experience in earlier times