2020年国家公务员考试《银保监会专业科目-计算机类》题

Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.

It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign（良性的） trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.

106、According to the author, most students （ ）。

A、believe the world´s environment is not as it is thought to be

B、think the world´s environment is in an undesirable condition

C、are not worried about the state of the world´s environment

D、have deep knowledge about environment

107、The huge increase in world population and production （ ）。

A、has made the world a worse place to live in

B、has had a positive influence on the environment

C、has made the world an unpleasant place to live in

D、has not greatly affected the environment

108、One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that （ ）。

A、technological innovation emerge

B、consumption will drop

C、new sources are always becoming available

D、new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction

109、According to the author, why fish resources are diminishing?（ ）

A、Because no new substitutes can be found available.

B、Because water pollution causes serious problems.

C、Because they are not owned by any particular entity.

D、Because fishing method is not sustainable.

110、According to the author, the primary solution to environmental problems is （ ）。

A、to allow market forces to operate properly

B、to curb consumption of natural resources

C、to limit the growth of world population

D、to avoid price fluctuations

材料

（三）

"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation." Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity（糖尿）level putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to consider taxing sugars as well.

Whether such taxes work is still a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of un-taxed and heathier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier foods.The Food industry, in general, firmly opposes to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the industry is under pressure to demonstrate its products are healthy as well as tasty. Over the past 30 years, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its products. For example, some drink manufacturers have reduced the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or found an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been Investing in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

While reformulating recipes is one way to improve public health, it should be a part of the multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches will be needed, there is no silver bullet.

111、What did Adam Smith mainly say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco?（ ）

A、They were in ever-increasing demand.

B、They were not profitable to producers.

C、They were subject to taxation in many places.

D、They were no longer considered necessities of life.

112、Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?（ ）

A、They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets.

B、They are under pressure to cope with the sugar-induced health problems.

C、The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has been very profitable.

D、The sugar industry is making huge profits.